Knees are like the hinges on a door – they let us move smoothly and stay flexible. They connect our thighs to our lower legs, making it possible for us to walk, run, jump, and dance. Knees also help absorb shock and keep us stable, so we will not topple over. When knees get injured, it is similar to your door hinge getting rusty or stuck. The knee can become painful or stiff, making it hard to move as freely as before. Just as a stuck hinge needs fixing to work properly again, an injured knee often needs rest, care, and, sometimes, special treatment to get back to its best.
Knee replacement surgery in Singapore (https://www.artisanorthopaedics.sg/surgery/total-knee-replacement-surgery), or knee arthroplasty, is a transformative procedure designed to alleviate pain and restore function to a damaged knee joint. As one of the most common orthopedic surgeries performed in Singapore, it offers hope and relief for millions who suffer from debilitating knee conditions. This article discusses the complexities of knee replacement, offering detailed insights into the procedure, preparation, recovery, and long-term outcomes.
Knee replacement surgery in Singapore involves replacing a damaged or diseased knee joint with an artificial prosthesis. There are two primary types of knee replacement: total and partial. Total knee replacement (TKR) involves removing the entire knee joint and replacing it with a prosthetic one, while partial knee replacement (PKR) targets only the damaged portion of the knee, leaving the healthy parts intact. Both types aim to relieve pain and restore mobility but differ in scope and recovery time.
Common conditions leading to knee replacement include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-traumatic arthritis. Osteoarthritis, the most prevalent, results from the wear and tear of cartilage, causing pain and stiffness. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that attacks the joint lining, leading to inflammation and joint damage. Post-traumatic arthritis occurs following a knee injury, such as a fracture, which can accelerate cartilage deterioration.
During the surgery, the damaged cartilage and bone are removed and replaced with an artificial joint made of metal alloys, ceramics, and high-grade plastics. These materials are designed to mimic the natural movement of the knee and provide long-term durability. The prosthesis is then carefully fitted to ensure optimal function and alignment.
Pre-surgery preparation
Preoperative assessments typically include a series of tests to evaluate overall health and readiness for surgery. These may involve blood tests, imaging studies, and consultations with your primary care physician and orthopedic surgeon. The goal of this step is to identify any potential risks and address them before the surgery.
Choosing the right surgeon and hospital is another vital aspect of preparation. Researching a surgeon’s experience, success rates, and patient reviews can provide insight into their expertise. Additionally, selecting a hospital with a strong track record in joint replacement surgeries ensures access to quality care and advanced facilities.
Prior to surgery, patients are often advised to make lifestyle changes, such as losing excess weight and quitting smoking, to improve surgical outcomes and recovery. Engaging in preoperative physical therapy can also strengthen the muscles around the knee and enhance flexibility, which contributes to a smoother postoperative recovery.
Understanding the prosthetic options available is also important. Modern knee prosthetics come in various designs and materials, including cemented and uncemented types. Cemented prosthetics use bone cement to secure the implant, while uncemented versions rely on the bone to grow into the prosthetic surface for stability. Your surgeon will help determine the best option based on your individual needs and anatomy.
The surgical procedure
The knee replacement surgery itself involves several key steps. The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia, depending on the patient’s health and preference. General anesthesia puts the patient to sleep, while spinal anesthesia numbs the lower body but allows the patient to remain awake.
The surgery begins with an incision made along the front of the knee. The surgeon then carefully removes the damaged cartilage and bone from the knee joint. Once the diseased parts are removed, the prosthetic components are precisely positioned and secured. For total knee replacement, this involves replacing both the femoral and tibial surfaces, while partial replacement focuses only on the affected area.
The duration of the surgery is usually between one and two hours. Postoperative care in the hospital typically includes monitoring for complications, managing pain, and beginning early mobility exercises. The immediate goal is to control pain and swelling while starting rehabilitation to restore movement and strength.
Post-surgery recovery
Recovery from knee replacement surgery in Singapore is a gradual process that requires patience and adherence to medical advice. The hospital stay usually lasts from one to three days, during which patients are closely monitored. Pain management is an integral aspect of recovery, and various methods, including medications and ice therapy, are employed to alleviate discomfort.
Physical therapy begins shortly after surgery, focusing on gentle exercises to improve range of motion and strengthen the muscles around the knee. Rehabilitation is essential for regaining mobility and independence, and patients are typically encouraged to continue physical therapy at home or at an outpatient facility to achieve the best results.
Long-term outcomes
The long-term outcomes of knee replacement surgery are generally favorable, with many patients experiencing significant pain relief and improved mobility. Success rates are high, and most individuals return to their daily activities with enhanced quality of life. However, achieving these outcomes requires ongoing commitment to knee health.
Maintaining knee health post-surgery involves adopting a balanced lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a healthy diet, and weight management. Low-impact activities such as swimming, cycling, and walking are recommended to preserve joint function and overall fitness. Avoiding high-impact sports and activities that place excessive strain on the knee can help prolong the lifespan of the prosthetic joint.
In some cases, patients may require future revisions or additional surgeries due to wear and tear on the prosthetic joint. These revisions are less common but may be necessary if issues arise. Regular check-ups with your orthopedic surgeon can also help detect and address any potential problems early, so make sure not to skip them!
Conclusion
Knee replacement surgery represents a significant advancement in orthopedic care, offering relief and restored function to those with severe knee damage. By having knowledge on the procedure, preparing adequately, and committing to post-surgery care, you can achieve favorable outcomes and enjoy an improved quality of life. For those considering this option, seeking comprehensive information and support from a reputable healthcare clinic or facility can pave the way for a successful journey toward knee health.
Dr Puah Ken Lee MBBS (Singapore) MRCSED, MMED (Ortho Surg), FRCSED (Orth), FAMS
Artisan Sports & Orthopaedic Clinic
290 Orchard Road
Paragon Medical Centre #07-12
Singapore 238859
Phone (65) 8909 8877
